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19th century

The Guardian

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On This Day

• 2019 A major explosion at a chemical plant in Yancheng, China, killed 78 people and injured 640 others.
2019 Xiangshui chemical plant explosionYancheng
• 1980 The American soap opera Dallas aired the episode "A House Divided", which led to eight months of international speculation on "Who shot J.R.?"
Dallas (1978 TV series)A House Divided (Dallas)
• 1968 War of Attrition: The Battle of Karameh took place between the Israel Defense Forces and allied troops of the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Jordanian Armed Forces.
War of AttritionBattle of KaramehIsrael Defense ForcesPalestine Liberation OrganizationJordanian Armed Forces
• 1963 Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, California—one of the world's most notorious and best known prisons—was closed.
Alcatraz Federal PenitentiaryAlcatraz IslandSan Francisco BayCalifornia
• 1960 Police in Sharpeville, South Africa, opened fire on a group of unarmed black demonstrators who were protesting pass laws, killing 69 people and wounding 180 others.
SharpevilleSharpeville massacrePass law
• 1952 The Moondog Coronation Ball (poster pictured), generally considered to be the first major rock and roll concert, took place at the Cleveland Arena in Cleveland, Ohio.
Moondog Coronation BallRock and rollCleveland ArenaCleveland
• 1946 The Los Angeles Rams signed Kenny Washington, making him the first African-American player in the National Football League since 1933.
Los Angeles RamsKenny Washington (American football)National Football League
• 1937 A police squad, acting under orders from Governor of Puerto Rico Blanton Winship, opened fire on demonstrators protesting the arrest of Puerto Rican Nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos, killing 21 people and injuring 235 others.
Blanton WinshipPonce massacreNationalist Party of Puerto RicoPedro Albizu Campos
• 1925 Ravel's opera L'enfant et les sortilèges (cover pictured), to a libretto by Colette, was premiered at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo.
L'enfant et les sortilègesColetteOpéra de Monte-Carlo
• 1918 First World War: The German Army opened the Spring Offensive with Operation Michael, attempting to break through the Allied lines and to seize ports on the English Channel.
World War IGerman spring offensiveOperation MichaelAllies of World War IEnglish Channel
• 1913 More than 360 were killed and 20,000 homes were destroyed in the Great Dayton Flood in Dayton, Ohio, U.S.
Great Dayton FloodDayton, Ohio
• 1874 Queen's Park defeated Clydesdale 2–0 in the final of the inaugural Scottish Cup (trophy pictured).
Queen's Park F.C.Clydesdale F.C.1874 Scottish Cup final
• 1861 Alexander H. Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, gave an extemporaneous speech laying out the Confederacy's rationale for seceding from the United States.
Alexander H. StephensConfederate States of AmericaCornerstone SpeechSecession in the United States
• 1825 During his tour of the United States, the Marquis de Lafayette laid the cornerstone for the Nathanael Greene Monument in Savannah, Georgia.
Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United StatesGilbert du Motier, Marquis de LafayetteNathanael Greene MonumentSavannah, Georgia
• 1814 War of the Sixth Coalition: During their march on Paris, Coalition forces defeated Napoleon's French army on the final day of the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube.
War of the Sixth CoalitionParisNapoleonBattle of Arcis-sur-Aube
• 1788 A large fire destroyed 856 of the 1,100 structures in New Orleans.
Great New Orleans Fire (1788)New Orleans
• 1556 Former Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, one of the founders of Anglicanism, was burnt at the stake for heresy in Oxford, England.
Archbishop of CanterburyThomas CranmerAnglicanismHeresy in ChristianityOxford